Nov 1, 2003 09:00 ET

Are All Calories Created Equal?

New Study Shows a Moderate-Fat Almond Diet May Result in Greater Weight Loss than a Low-Fat Diet Containing the Same Daily Calories

MODESTO, Calif., Nov. 1 /PRNewswire/ -- Adding fuel to the latest debate in the nutrition community, a study published today in the International Journal of Obesity shows that in two groups eating two different diets containing the same number of daily calories over six months, one group lost more weight than the other.


In this study, 65 overweight and obese adults -- 70 percent of whom had type 2 diabetes -- were put on one of two diets designed for weight loss. The first group ate a liquid formula-based, low-calorie diet containing moderate fat from almonds (39 percent total fat, 25 percent monounsaturated fat, 35 percent carbohydrate as percent of energy). The second group ate a liquid formula-based, low-fat, low-calorie diet including self-selected complex carbohydrates (18 percent total fat, 5 percent monounsaturated fat, 53 percent carbohydrates as percent of energy). The two diets' calorie count and protein levels were equivalent.


After 24 weeks, patients on the moderate-fat diet containing almonds had achieved a greater reduction in weight/BMI (-18 percent vs. -11 percent), waist circumference (-14 percent vs. -9 percent), fat mass (-30 percent vs. - 20 percent) and systolic blood pressure (-11 percent vs. 0 percent).


Both groups experienced lower glucose and insulin levels. But medication requirements for individuals with type 2 diabetes decreased more steadily in the low-calorie almond diet than the low-calorie complex carbohydrate diet.


Potential Weight Loss Implications


The study comes at a time when the nutrition community is beginning to wonder, based on other recent studies, whether all calories are really created equal. One of the most hallowed nutrition beliefs has always been that losing weight hinges solely on the number of calories consumed versus the calories burned through resting energy expenditure and physical activity.


"There may be qualities in almonds that helped the first group lose more weight," said Michelle Wien, Dr.P.H., R.D., C.D.E., the study's lead researcher at City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, Calif.


One possible explanation for the effects observed in Dr. Wien's study is that the fat in almonds may not have been completely absorbed. This is consistent with a study published in 2001 that concluded that the cell walls of almonds act as a physical barrier to the absorption of fat. The fat is then excreted from the body, thereby failing to contribute calories (Ren et al., 2001). This has led some to question whether all of the calories in almonds as determined by the bomb calorimeter are actually absorbed by the human body.


And, Wien added, almonds are convenient and satiating. "After hearing the results of this study, one of my patients has begun carrying a one-ounce handful of almonds in a little tin that previously contained mints," she said. "This is a satisfying on-the-go snack -- and the tin helps her control the portion size."


Potential Diabetes Implications


This study's findings regarding diabetes were consistent with previous research on almonds' role in controlling glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. For example, in a previous a two-phase study involving 20 healthy, free-living individuals, researchers first examined the effect of 100 grams of almonds a day on insulin levels and fasting glucose levels. Almonds did not cause an increase or decrease in insulin levels or glucose. In phase two, participants with type 2 diabetes enrolled in one of 4 diets, and after a two- week break, they switched to another diet. The four diets were high-fat with almonds, low-fat with almonds, high-fat control and low-fat control.


This phase of the study found that fat source or fat level had positive effects on total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and the LDL-to-HDL ratio with no effect on glucose control -- indicating that almonds can be included in a heart healthy diet for people with type 2 diabetes without negatively affecting glucose level control (Lovejoy et al., 2002).


For More Information


For more information about almonds' role in heart health as well as weight maintenance and implications for those with diabetes, visit www.AlmondsAreIn.com.
For more information about almonds, including recipes and healthful eating tips, visit www.AlmondsAreIn.com. Please contact Michael DeAngelis at 202.973.5830 for interviews with lead researcher Michelle Wien, almond b-roll and almond photos.


SUMMARY OF PUBLISHED STUDY:
Published: International Journal of Obesity, October 22, 2003
Research Organization: City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte,
Calif.
Study Title: "Almonds vs. Complex Carbohydrates in a Weight Reduction
Program."
Authors: Wien M, Sabate JM, Ikle DN, Cole SE, Kandeel FR.

REFERENCES:

Ren Y, Waldron KW, Pacy JF, Ellis PR. Chemical and histochemical characterization of cell wall polysaccharides in almond seeds in relation to lipid bioavailability. Biologically active phytochemicals in food. (ed) W. Pfannhauser, GR Fenwick & S Khokhar, Royal Soc of Chemc, Cambridge, UK, 2001: 448-52.


Lovejoy JC, Most MM, Lefevre M, Greenway FL, Rood JC. Effects of diets enriched in almonds on insulin action and serum lipids in adults with normal glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76:1000-6.


Source: Almond Board of California

CONTACT: Stacey Kollmeyer of the Almond Board of California,
+1-209-343-3225; or Michael DeAngelis, MS, MPH, RD, +1-202-973-5830, for the
Almond Board of California


Web site: http://www.almondsarein.com/

Interesting article

quote;
One possible explanation for the effects observed in Dr. Wien's study is that the fat in almonds may not have been completely absorbed. This is consistent with a study published in 2001 that concluded that the cell walls of almonds act as a physical barrier to the absorption of fat. The fat is then excreted from the body, thereby failing to contribute calories (Ren et al., 2001).

This could explain why every nut but almonds tends to stall my weight loss.

Rob

Hmmm... I wonder what results they would get if they did the same study with pecans or walnuts?

**************
"Sometimes I think you have to march right in and demand your rights, even if you don't know what your rights are, or who the person is you're talking to. Then on the way out, slam the door."

Well, until the pecan or walnut industry pays for a study like this we may never know...

Mikeyrat

Started Atkins 5/30/2003
337/270/237 - 6'2" 43 YO
Wife: 224/194/165 - 5'11"

WooHoo... I snagged 3 pounds of roasted salted almonds at TJ's last night.

**************
"Sometimes I think you have to march right in and demand your rights, even if you don't know what your rights are, or who the person is you're talking to. Then on the way out, slam the door."